The reality of dental fillings is that they are incredibly common. In fact, more people in the UK have had a filling than not, with a staggering 84% of adults either needing one or having undergone the procedure.

Any time a tooth begins to decay or is significantly chipped and broken, a filling is needed to prevent infection, pain and further damage. Even with a perfect dental care routine in place accidents happen.

At Enlighten, we understand that getting a filling — or being told you need one — is not a pleasurable experience. However, with the right know-how, you can feel confident going into any procedure.

To put your mind at ease, Sanjay Patel from Enlighten has put together a handy guide to help you understand what fillings are, how the various types can help you and all the information you need to make an informed decision.

 

What are dental fillings?

Dental fillings are materials used by dentists to repair teeth damaged by decay, cracks, or wear. They restore the tooth’s structure, strength, and function while preventing further decay or damage.

Dentists place fillings in cavities (holes caused by tooth decay) or other damaged areas to ensure the tooth can continue to function normally and remain protected.

Fillings come in many different types and are made of different materials — each with its benefits and drawbacks, so it’s important to understand the process to choose a treatment that’s right for you.

Why might you need a filling?

Some of the reasons someone might need a filling include:

Cavities (Tooth Decay) — Cavities occur when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth's enamel, creating a hole. If you don’t keep on top of oral hygiene, consume too many sugary or acidic foods and drinks, and don’t go for regular dental check-ups can increase the chances of getting a cavity. A filling repairs the cavity, preventing further decay and restoring the tooth’s strength.

Cracked or Chipped Teeth — Teeth can crack or chip due to accidents and trauma. Fillings help restore the damaged tooth's shape, function, and integrity — preventing further cracking and protecting the inner layers of the tooth.

Tooth Wear — Teeth can wear down over time from general wear and tear over time or habitual grinding (commonly known as bruxism). Acidic erosion from a non-tooth-friendly diet, or even improper brushing techniques can contribute to excess wear. A filling restores the worn area, preventing sensitivity and further damage while maintaining the tooth’s proper function.

Restoring Function — If a tooth becomes weakened due to decay, cracks, or wear, you may lose your ability to bite and chew without feeling pain or discomfort or support neighbouring teeth properly. Fillings reinforce the structure, ensuring the tooth functions normally in daily activities.

Closing Small Gaps — Small gaps between teeth or around existing fillings can trap food particles and bacteria, leading to decay or gum irritation. Fillings can fill these spaces, reducing the risk of further oral health problems.

Replacing Old Fillings — Over time, fillings can wear out, crack, or develop gaps where bacteria can enter. Leaking fillings may expose the tooth to decay again. Replacing old or damaged fillings helps ensure the tooth remains protected and functional.

Sensitivity Relief — Teeth with worn enamel, gum recession, or small cracks may become sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet foods. A filling can act as a barrier, covering exposed dentin (the sensitive layer under enamel) and providing relief from discomfort.

What are the types of dental fillings?

There are many types of fillings available — each with its benefits and drawbacks. 

Here are the main types of fillings you’ll be offered by professionals should you need one:

Amalgam Fillings

Amalgam fillings are composed of a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, and mercury, making them one of the most durable and long-lasting filling options.

They are particularly well-suited for back teeth, where the pressures of chewing and grinding are greatest. Despite their resilience, they are noticeable due to their metallic silver-grey colour, which makes them less appealing for fillings in visible areas of the mouth.

Amalgam fillings have been used for decades and are often chosen for their affordability and strength, though aesthetic concerns have led to a decline in their popularity.

Composite Fillings

Composite fillings are made of resin and finely ground glass particles, creating a filling material that closely matches the natural colour of teeth. This makes them an ideal choice for visible teeth, where aesthetics are a priority. They bond well to the tooth structure, providing additional support.

However, composite fillings are less durable than amalgam and may need to be replaced more frequently, especially when used on back teeth exposed to heavy chewing forces. They are a popular choice for those seeking a natural appearance while maintaining functionality.

Ceramic Fillings

Ceramic fillings, often made from porcelain, offer an excellent blend of aesthetics and durability. They are highly resistant to staining and provide a natural tooth-like appearance, making them a preferred option for visible teeth.

These fillings are more expensive than amalgam or composite options but are valued for their long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing qualities. Ceramic fillings are often custom-made in a dental lab to ensure a precise fit, contributing to their higher cost.

Gold Fillings

Gold fillings are crafted from a gold alloy, known for their exceptional durability and longevity. They can last for decades with proper care, making them a valuable investment for patients seeking a robust solution.

However, gold fillings are costly and highly noticeable due to their metallic appearance, which is less desirable for many people. While gold was once a popular choice, it is less commonly used today due to advancements in other materials and changing patient preferences.

Glass Ionomer Fillings

Glass ionomer fillings are made from a combination of acrylic and glass, providing unique benefits such as the ability to release fluoride over time.

This fluoride release helps protect teeth from further decay, making these fillings particularly beneficial for children’s teeth or for use near the gum line.

However, glass ionomer fillings are less durable than other materials and are typically used for areas with lower biting forces. Their weaker structure means they are more prone to wear and may require more frequent replacement.

What happens during a typical dental filling procedure?

1. Examination and Numbing:

· Examination: The dentist inspects the affected tooth to assess the extent of the decay or damage. This may involve a visual check, tapping the tooth to test for sensitivity, or taking X-rays to see the depth of the cavity.

· Anaesthesia: A local anaesthetic is used to numb the tooth and surrounding area, ensuring comfort throughout the procedure. This might involve an injection, and a numbing gel is often used beforehand to minimise discomfort from the injection.

2. Decay Removal:

· The dentist removes the decayed portion of the tooth to prevent the spread of infection. This is typically done using a dental drill, but in some cases, a laser or air abrasion tool may be used for precision.

· The dentist ensures all decayed tissue is removed while preserving as much of the healthy tooth structure as possible.

3. Preparation:

· Once the decay is removed, the cavity is cleaned to eliminate debris and bacteria, which could otherwise lead to further decay or infection.

· The dentist shapes the cavity to accommodate the filling material. The shape depends on the type of filling being used (e.g., composite, amalgam, or gold) to ensure it stays securely in place.

4. Filling Placement:

· Material Selection: The type of filling material is chosen based on the tooth's location, the patient’s preference, and functional requirements. Common materials include composite resin, amalgam, gold, and ceramic.

· Layering and Hardening: If a composite filling is used, it is applied in layers. Each layer is cured (hardened) using a special blue light to ensure the filling is strong and durable.

· Shaping: The dentist carefully sculpts the material to match the natural contours of the tooth. This step ensures proper alignment with neighbouring teeth and a comfortable bite.

5. Polishing:

· The final step involves polishing the filling to smooth its surface. This improves its appearance, especially for visible teeth, and prevents it from irritating the tongue or cheeks.

· The dentist checks the bite by having the patient bite down on carbon paper or similar tools to ensure the filling fits well and does not interfere with normal chewing. This is a very important stage to make sure the tooth looks natural.

Pros and cons of dental fillings

 

Pros:

· Restores Functionality: Repairs decayed or damaged teeth, restoring their function.

· Prevents Further Decay: Stops bacteria from entering the cavity and causing more damage.

· Customisable Appearance: Composite and ceramic fillings blend with natural teeth.

· Durability: Amalgam and gold fillings last many years with proper care.

Cons:

· Potential Sensitivity: Teeth may feel sensitive after a filling, though this usually subsides.

· Durability Variations: Composite and glass ionomer fillings may not last as long as amalgam or gold.

· Aesthetics of Amalgam: Metallic fillings are visible and may not appeal aesthetically.

· Cost: Ceramic and gold fillings are more expensive than amalgam or composite options.

Make Enlighten your choice for professional whitening

When searching for the perfect teeth-whitening treatment, you’ll likely want options that protect your teeth while achieving a dazzling, white smile.

At Enlighten, we understand that every smile is unique. That’s why we offer a wide selection of minimally invasive treatments and techniques, tailored to help your teeth look and feel their best.

Explore our teeth-whitening treatment today! Keep up your post-treatment glow with our unique toothpaste that’s been clinically designed to stave off stains and combat discolouration.

Want to stay informed about our latest innovations, news, and expert tips? Check out our helpful guides.

FAQs

1. How long does a dental filling last?

The type of filling you have will dictate how long it will last. Below are the main types of fillings and how long they typically last before needing to reapply.

· Amalgam (Silver) fillings — 10-15 years or more

· Composite (tooth-coloured) fillings — 5-10 years

· Ceramic (or porcelain) fillings — 10-15 years

· Gold fillings — 15-30 years or more

· Glass ionomer – 5-7 years

2. Are dental fillings painful?

If you’re worried about dental fillings, you shouldn’t be. Getting a dental filling is generally not painful, thanks to modern anaesthetic techniques and minimally invasive procedures.

If you do experience discomfort at any point during the procedure, your dentist can do many things for you to help alleviate the pain like taking breaks or providing more pain relief.

 

3. Can I get a dental filling for sensitive teeth?

Ultimately, it depends on the type of sensitivity.

If your sensitivity is caused by damage to the enamel or upper dentin, you may be able to repair the tooth with a filling to protect the nerves and prevent infection.

If there’s infection, tooth decay or damage deeper towards the root, a root canal may be the only way to save the tooth and alleviate pain.

 

 

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