Among all the common allergies – like nuts, eggs and dairy — not many people have heard of a toothpaste allergy.

Because there are so many different kinds of toothpaste on the market (each with its own unique set of ingredients), it’s possible that your mouth doesn’t react well to some of them.

If you’re curious about whether you have a toothpaste allergy — or are keen just to know more – Dental specialist & CEO, Sanjay Patel from Enlighten has provided a handy guide outlining everything you need to know.

What is a toothpaste allergy?

A toothpaste allergy is a unique form of contact dermatitis that’s found only in the mouth. It occurs when your body’s immune system overreacts to a specific ingredient — or a combination of ingredients and causes excessive symptoms.

The most common form of toothpaste allergy is cheilitis which causes chapped lips, inflammation, a rash around the mouth and a general itchy or burning sensation that can be mild or severe.

What causes toothpaste allergies?

Toothpaste allergies are relatively uncommon but can occur when your mouth and immune system are particularly sensitive to common toothpaste ingredients.

Here’s why the listed additives may trigger reactions:

1. Flavourings

Flavourings like cinnamon, peppermint, and spearmint are added to toothpaste to freshen breath and improve the brushing experience.

However, these natural or artificial flavourings can be irritants or allergens, particularly for individuals with sensitive skin or existing allergies.

Cinnamon, in particular, is known to cause contact dermatitis in some people, leading to redness, burning, or swelling in the mouth or lips.

2. Fluoride

Fluoride strengthens teeth and prevents cavities, but it can cause allergic reactions in rare cases. Symptoms might include mouth sores, irritation, or skin rashes around the mouth. People with fluoride sensitivity may need to switch to fluoride-free toothpaste to avoid discomfort.

3. Gluten

Though gluten is primarily associated with food products, it can also be used as a stabilizer or thickener in toothpaste. For individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance, even small amounts can provoke adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal upset or mouth irritation.

4. Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)

This foaming agent, derived from coconut oil, helps toothpaste create lather. While it is widely used and considered safe, it has been identified as an allergen in some individuals. It can cause allergic contact dermatitis, leading to itching, redness, or swelling in areas exposed to the toothpaste.

5. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) foaming agent

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), a common foaming agent found in many toothpaste formulations, can irritate sensitive gums due to its harsh nature. As a surfactant, SLS helps break down plaque and create a lather, but it can also strip away the protective layer of the oral tissues, leading to dryness and irritation. Prolonged exposure may exacerbate issues such as gum sensitivity, redness, or swelling, especially in individuals prone to conditions like canker sores.

6. Propylene glycol

Used as a preservative to keep toothpaste fresh, propylene glycol can cause contact dermatitis in some people. This chemical is also found in other cosmetic and skincare products, which means individuals exposed to it in multiple products may have an increased risk of developing sensitivity.

7. Essential oils

Essential oils like tea tree oil are included in toothpaste for their antibacterial properties. However, these oils can be potent allergens for sensitive individuals, potentially causing rashes, swelling, or irritation in the mouth and surrounding areas.

8. Parabens

Parabens are used as preservatives to extend the shelf life of toothpaste. While parabens are effective at preventing microbial growth, they can occasionally cause allergic reactions, particularly in people with sensitive skin or a history of allergies to cosmetics containing parabens.

What are the symptoms of a toothpaste allergy?

You might have a toothpaste infection without even knowing. Look out for these signs and symptoms of possible allergies when using toothpaste.

1. Itching and burning

A persistent itching or burning sensation can occur in or around the mouth, on the tongue, gums, or lips. This discomfort may start shortly after brushing and can vary in intensity. In some cases, the burning sensation might mimic symptoms of burning mouth syndrome, making diagnosis tricky without ruling out toothpaste allergens.

2. Redness and inflammation

Allergic reactions often result in visible redness and swelling of oral tissues, including the gums, tongue, inner cheeks, and lips. This inflammation can make eating, drinking, or even speaking uncomfortable.

3. Blistering and cracking

Blistering or cracking of the lips and surrounding tissues can develop as a result of prolonged exposure to allergens in toothpaste. The lips may appear chapped or have small, fluid-filled blisters that can burst, leading to sores or secondary infections.

4. Dryness and peeling

The lips or skin around the mouth may become excessively dry and start to peel. This symptom often accompanies cracking and can be mistaken for general dryness or environmental factors, delaying proper diagnosis.

5. Swollen gums

Gum swelling after brushing can indicate a reaction to an ingredient in the toothpaste. The gums might appear puffy, tender, and more prone to bleeding, resembling symptoms of gingivitis, but without the presence of poor oral hygiene.

6. Sores in the mouth

Painful sores or ulcers may develop on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth. These lesions can make eating and brushing painful and may take longer to heal if the allergen is not removed from daily use.

7. Metallic taste

A sudden metallic taste in the mouth after brushing can signal an allergic response. This symptom may also be accompanied by a persistent bitter or unpleasant taste that lingers.

8. Rash

A rash around the mouth, often accompanied by redness or bumps, can occur due to skin contact with allergens in the toothpaste. This rash may extend to the chin or other parts of the face if the toothpaste spreads during brushing.

How do you diagnose a toothpaste allergy?

A toothpaste allergy can be diagnosed by a doctor or medical professional through a patch test.

Here's how the process works:

· Application of Allergens: Small amounts of potential toothpaste allergens are applied to the patient's back.

· Covering the Area: The allergens are secured with an adhesive sheet, which remains in place for approximately 48 hours.

· Observation and Results: The doctor evaluates the test site at 48, 72, and 96 hours after the initial application.

If the patient is allergic to any of the tested substances, the skin at the application site will react, showing symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, or blistering.

How to treat an allergic reaction to toothpaste?

If you suspect you are experiencing an allergic reaction to toothpaste, it’s important to take immediate steps to alleviate symptoms.

Here are a few things you can do to calm symptoms:

· Stop using the suspected toothpaste: Stop using any toothpaste that triggers a reaction to avoid aggravating the reaction. Consider switching to a hypoallergenic or allergen-free toothpaste specifically formulated for sensitive individuals.

· Rinse your mouth: Thoroughly rinse your mouth with lukewarm water to remove any residue from the toothpaste. Consider rinsing with a saline solution to soothe irritation and reduce inflammation.

· Soothe symptoms: Apply Cold Compresses: If the reaction involves redness, swelling, or itching around the lips or mouth, apply a clean, cold compress to the affected area to reduce discomfort.

· Keep Lips and Skin Moisturised: Apply a gentle, fragrance-free lip balm or moisturiser to soothe dryness or peeling caused by the reaction. Avoid products with potential irritants like menthol or alcohol.

· Consult a Healthcare Professional: If symptoms persist or worsen, schedule an appointment with your dentist or a dermatologist. They may recommend a patch test to identify the specific allergen and provide tailored treatment options.

· Prevent Future Reactions: Once the allergen is identified, carefully read ingredient labels on toothpaste and other oral care products to avoid triggers. Opt for kinds of toothpaste labelled as hypoallergenic or free from common allergens like flavourings, parabens, or fluoride.

When to contact your doctor?

The important thing to do is monitor for severe symptoms.

If you experience severe symptoms — like difficulty breathing, widespread swelling or hives — this could indicate a more serious allergic reaction. 

If this is the case, you should book an appointment with the doctor as soon as possible or call 111 for guidance about what to do and where to go if symptoms are severe.

Choose Enlighten – The UK’s Premier Teeth Whitening Solution

At Enlighten, we believe every smile is unique and deserves tailored care. That’s why we offer specially-formulated toothpastes designed to help keep your whites pearly.

Visit one of our trusted dentists for professional, non-invasive whitening solutions that keep your smile shining.

Curious to learn more?

Browse our expert guides, packed with tips, advice, and the latest insights to help you achieve and maintain a confident, radiant smile!

FAQs

1. What is the best toothpaste for allergies?

If you have a toothpaste allergy, the main thing you want to do is avoid chemicals and additives that could be irritating. Look for alternatives like:

· Fluoride-Free Toothpaste

· Naturally Flavoured Toothpaste

· Toothpaste with Essential Oils

2. What should I do if I suddenly develop a toothpaste allergy?

Simply consult a healthcare professional.

If symptoms suddenly experience symptoms — or ones that are persistent or worsening — schedule an appointment with your dentist or a dermatologist. They may recommend a patch test to identify the specific allergen and provide tailored treatment options.

For severe or recurrent reactions, visit your doctor who may be able to prescribe treatments or refer you to specialists for further tests.

3. Can gluten cause a toothpaste allergy?

Yes, gluten can cause an allergic reaction or sensitivity to toothpaste for individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity.

Gluten can sometimes be present in toothpaste as a binding agent, thickener, or flavour enhancer. It might not always be obvious on the ingredient list, as it could appear under vague terms like "modified food starch" or "natural flavours."

Always check the label if you are allergic or sensitive to gluten and only use certified gluten-free brands.